adoption of oil palm production in malawi

   
adoption of oil palm production in malawi
                                               
                                               
                                               
                                               
  • adoption of oil palm production in malawi
Does oil palm cultivation increase household living standards?

We show that oil palm cultivation increases household living standards, measured in terms of annual consumption expenditures, by 13% on average. Moreover, we demonstrate that oil palm cultivation tends to reduce households' economic risk, measured in terms of potential decreases in living standard due to income variability.

Does oil palm cultivation reduce economic risk?

However, our data showed the opposite, namely a decrease in downside economic risk through oil palm cultivation. The main reason is that oil palm adopters have more time for off-farm activities than rubber farmers, and off-farm income is an important household mechanism to cope with economic risk.

Does oil palm cultivation help smallholder farmers?

Oil palm cultivation has improved living standards and alleviated the poverty of many smallholder farmers. However, challenges such as climate change, aging palms and negative sentiments in the major markets, threaten the wellbeing of and raise the question on smallholder farmers¡¯ resilience, which remains poorly understood.

Does oil palm cultivation have positive economic and social effects in Sumatra?

Overall, our results suggest that oil palm cultivation has positive economic and social effects in the small farm sector of Sumatra.